Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced myocarditis: a comprehensive review with clinical case insights

María José Santa-Ana-Bayona; Camila Ponce-Acosta; Edgar Quispe-Silvestre; Gilberto H. Acosta-Gutiérrez; Alfonso González-Trejo; Hugo A. Valencia-Hernández; Enrique C. Guerra; Pablo O. Alarcón-Toxqui; Karina Martínez-Bañagas; Nilda Espinola-Zavaleta

doi:10.47487/apcyccv.v6i3.502

Autores/as

María José Santa-Ana-Bayona Facultad Mexicana de Medicina, Universidad La Salle, Ciudad de México, México. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3476-9711
Camila Ponce-Acosta Facultad Mexicana de Medicina, Universidad La Salle, Ciudad de México, México. https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3090-6681
Edgar Quispe-Silvestre Departamento de Cardiología, Clínica Ricardo Palma, Lima, Perú. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4431-1882
Gilberto H. Acosta-Gutiérrez Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Juárez, México. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0569-7029
Alfonso González-Trejo Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8347-9523
Hugo A. Valencia-Hernández Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Villa Rica, Veracruz, México. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8436-354X
Enrique C. Guerra Programa (PECEM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0677-9935
Pablo O. Alarcón-Toxqui Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6973-051X
Karina Martínez-Bañagas Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Valle de las Palmas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana Baja California, México. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2024-0151
Nilda Espinola-Zavaleta Departamento de Cardiología Nuclear, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, México; Departamento de Ecocardiografía, Centro Médico ABC, Ciudad de México, México. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4820-1325

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47487/apcyccv.v6i3.502

Palabras clave:

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Myocarditis, Cardiotoxicity, Cardiac Imaging

Resumen

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer therapy by significantly improving long-term outcomes across multiple malignancies. Despite their benefits, ICIs can lead to immunerelated adverse events, including rare but severe cardiovascular toxicity such as myocarditis, which can be life-threatening. This comprehensive review aims to explore and discuss the mechanisms, clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies of ICI-induced myocarditis, emphasizing the need for early detection and timely intervention. As the use of ICIs continues to expand, further research is essential to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize therapeutic strategies to mitigate this potentially fatal complication while maintaining the efficacy of cancer therapy.

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