Gender and ethnic disparities in carotid artery disease: experience from a national Peruvian hospital
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47487/apcyccv.v6i3.526Keywords:
Carotid endarterectomy, Carotid artery stenosis, Latina womenAbstract
Atherosclerotic carotid artery disease is a significant cause of cerebrovascular events worldwide. Current international guidelines for the management of this condition provide general recommendations that often overlook differences among specific population groups. Although sex- and race-related disparities in disease prevalence are acknowledged, there remains a notable lack of studies focused on the prevalence, progression, and management of carotid artery disease in Latina women.
Downloads
References
Naylor R, Rantner B, Ancetti S, de Borst GJ, De Carlo M, Halliday A, et al. Editor’s Choice—European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Atherosclerotic Carotid and Vertebral Artery Disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2023;65(1):7-111. doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2022.04.011.
Barinas-Mitchell E, Duan C, Brooks M, El Khoudary SR, Thurston RC, Matthews KA, et al. Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Burden During the Menopause Transition and Late Midlife Subclinical Vascular Disease: Does Race/Ethnicity Matter? J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9(4):e013876. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.013876.
Tattersall MC, Hansen SL, McClelland RL, Korcarz CE, Hansen KM, Post WS, et al. Importance of Age and Sex in Carotid Artery Plaque Detection and Cardiovascular Disease Risk. JAMA Cardiol. 2025;10(5):487-491. doi: 10.1001/ jamacardio.2024.5702.
Hicks CW, Daya NR, Black JH, Matsushita K, Selvin E. Race and sexbased disparities associated with carotid endarterectomy in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Atherosclerosis. 2020;292:10-16. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.10.019.
Vriend EMC, Bouwmeester TA, Artola Arita V, Bots ML, Meijer R, Galenkamp H, et al. Ethnic Differences in Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Plaque Presence: The HELIUS Study. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2024;53(5):618-624. doi: 10.1159/000535713.
Posadas-Sánchez R, Vargas-Alarcón G, Pérez-Méndez Ó, Pérez-Hernández N, Rodríguez-Pérez JM. Increased Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Asymptomatic Individuals Is Associated with the PCSK9 (rs2149041) Gene Polymorphism in the Mexican Mestizo Population: Results of the GEA Cohort. Life (Basel). 2022;12(10):1531. doi: 10.3390/life12101531.
Shernaz D, Arya S. Epidemiology of atherosclerotic carotid artery disease. Semin Vasc Surg. 2021;34(1):3-9. doi: 10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2021.02.013.
Pessôa RL. Association between hospital carotid endarterectomy procedure volumes and in-hospital mortality in São Paulo state. J Vasc Bras. 2023;22:e20220164. doi:10.1590/1677- 5449.202201642.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 The journal is headline of the first publication, then the author giving credit to the first publication.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.