Análisis espacial de la hipertensión arterial en adultos peruanos, 2022

Akram Hernández-Vásquez; Brenda Noemí Carrillo Morote; Victoria del Carmen Azurin Gonzales; Efraín Y. Turpo Cayo; Diego Azañedo

doi:10.47487/apcyccv.v4i2.296

Authors

Akram Hernández-Vásquez Centro de Excelencia en Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales en Salud, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Perú. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-2526
Brenda Noemí Carrillo Morote Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6250-4771
Victoria del Carmen Azurin Gonzales Investigadora independiente, Lima, Perú. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9623-3746
Efraín Y. Turpo Cayo Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6691-9867
Diego Azañedo Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1375-8788

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47487/apcyccv.v4i2.296

Keywords:

Spatial Analysis, Hypertension, Health Surveys, Peru

Abstract

Objectives. To perform a spatial analysis of arterial hypertension in the Peruvian adult population to identify geographic patterns with a higher concentration of cases. Materials and methods: A spatial analysis was conducted using data from the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) 2022. A sample of 29,422 adults was included, and the global Moran’s index and Getis-Ord Gi* analysis were used to evaluate spatial autocorrelation and cluster concentration. Results: The age-standardized prevalence of arterial hypertension was 19.2%. Clusters with a high concentration of arterial hypertension were observed in departments along the Peruvian coast such as Tumbes, Piura, Lambayeque, La Libertad, Ancash, and Lima, as well as in the northern regions of the Highlands. Clusters were also found in the regions of Loreto and Madre de Dios in the Peruvian jungle. Conclusions: This study revealed geographic patterns of arterial hypertension in Peru, with a higher concentration of cases along the Peruvian coast and in certain regions of the Highlands and Jungle. These findings highlight the need to develop strategies for the prevention and control of the disease, especially in the areas identified as high-prevalence clusters.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Organización Mundial de la Salud. Hipertensión [Internet]. 2023 [citado el 9 de julio 2023]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/ fact-sheets/detail/hypertension

Brouwers S, Sudano I, Kokubo Y, Sulaica EM. Arterial hypertension. The Lancet. 2021;398(10296):249–61. doi: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(21)00221-X

Camafort M, Alcocer L, Coca A, Lopez-Lopez JP, López-Jaramillo P, Ponte-Negretti CI, et al. Registro Latinoamericano de monitorización ambulatoria de la presión arterial (MAPA-LATAM): una necesidad urgente. Revista Clínica Española. 2021;221(9):547–52. doi: 10.1016/j.rce.2021.02.002

Koye DN, Melaku YA, Gelaw YA, Zeleke BM, Adane AA, Tegegn HG, et al. Mapping national, regional and local prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in Ethiopia using geospatial analysis. BMJ Open. 2022;12(12):e065318. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065318

Mills KT, Stefanescu A, He J. The global epidemiology of hypertension. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2020;16(4):223–37. doi: 10.1038/ s41581-019-0244-2

Ranzani OT, Kalra A, Di Girolamo C, Curto A, Valerio F, Halonen JI, et al. Urban-rural differences in hypertension prevalence in low-income and middle-income countries, 1990–2020: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Basu S, editor. PLoS Med. 2022;19(8):e1004079. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004079

Sani RN, Connelly PJ, Toft M, Rowa-Dewar N, Delles C, Gasevic D, et al. Rural-urban difference in the prevalence of hypertension in West Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hum Hypertens. 2022. doi: 10.1038/s41371-022-00688-8

Ettehad D, Emdin CA, Kiran A, Anderson SG, Callender T, Emberson J, et al. Blood pressure lowering for prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet. 2016;387(10022):957–67. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01225-8

Ministerio de Salud. En el Perú, existen 5.5 millones de personas mayores de 15 años que sufren de hipertensión arterial [Internet]. 2022 [citado el 9 de julio 2023]. Disponible en: https://www.gob.pe/institucion/minsa/ noticias/607500-en-el-peru-existen-5-5-millones-de-personas-mayores- de-15-anos-que-sufren-de-hipertension-arterial

Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. Perú: Enfermedades No Transmisibles y Transmisibles 2022 [Internet]. Lima: Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática; 2023 [citado el 9 de julio 2023]. Disponible en: https://proyectos.inei.gob.pe/endes/2022/ SALUD/ENFERMEDADES_ENDES_2022.pdf

Chobanian AV. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood PressureThe JNC 7 Report. JAMA. 2003;289(19):2560. doi: 10.1001/ jama.289.19.2560

Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. Manual de la entrevistadora. Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar [Internet]. Lima: Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática; 2023 [citado el 9 de julio 2023]. Disponible en: https://proyectos.inei.gob.pe/ iinei/srienaho/Descarga/DocumentosMetodologicos/2022-5/ ManualEntrevistadora.pdf

Ahmad OB, Boschi-Pinto C, Lopez AD, Murray CJ, Lozano R, Inoue M. Age standardization of rates: a new WHO standard. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2001;9(10):1–14.

Hernández-Vásquez A, Vargas-Fernández R, Turpo Cayo EY. Determinants, inequalities, and spatial patterns of diarrhea in the Peruvian under-five population: findings from nationally representative survey data. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1170670. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1170670

Organización Mundial de la Salud. Más de 700 millones de personas con hipertensión sin tratar [Internet]. 2021 [citado el 9 de julio 2023]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/es/news/item/25-08- 2021-more-than-700-million-people-with-untreated-hypertension

Ruiz-Alejos A, Carrillo-Larco RM, Bernabé-Ortiz A. Prevalencia e incidencia de hipertensión arterial en Perú: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica. 2021;38(4):521–9. doi: 10.17843/rpmesp.2021.384.8502

Palomo‐Piñón S, Antonio‐Villa NE, García‐Cortés LR, Álvarez‐Aguilar C, González‐Palomo E, Bertadillo‐Mendoza OM, et al. Prevalence and characterization of undiagnosed arterial hypertension in the eastern zone of Mexico. J of Clinical Hypertension. 2022;24(2):131– 9. doi: 10.1111/jch.14414

Moussouni A, Sidi-yakhlef A, Hamdaoui H, Aouar A, Belkhatir D. Prevalence and risk factors of prehypertension and hypertension in Algeria. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):1571. doi: 10.1186/s12889- 022-13942-y

Okati-Aliabad H, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Kargar S, Mohammadi M. Prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension in the Middle East region: a systematic review & meta-analysis. J Hum Hypertens. 2022;36(9):794–804. doi: 10.1038/s41371-021-00647-9

Ministerio del Ambiente. Informe Nacional sobre el Estado del Medio Ambiente 2014-2019 [Internet]. 2021 [citado el 9 de julio 2023]. Disponible en: https://sinia.minam.gob.pe/inea/indicadores/ poblacion-censada-urbana-y-rural-segun-departamento-2017/

Wyszyńska J, Łuszczki E, Sobek G, Mazur A, Dereń K. Association and Risk Factors for Hypertension and Dyslipidemia in Young Adults from Poland. IJERPH. 2023;20(2):982. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20020982

Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. Perú: Crecimiento y distribución de la población, 2017 [Internet]. Lima: Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática; 2018 citado el 9 de julio 2023]. Disponible en: https://proyectos.inei.gob.pe/endes/2022/SALUD/ ENFERMEDADES_ENDES_2022.pdf

Houston MC. Role of Mercury Toxicity in Hypertension, Cardiovascular Disease, and Stroke: Role of Mercury Toxicity in Hypertension. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 2011;13(8):621– 7. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2011.00489.x

Hu XF, Singh K, Chan HM. Mercury Exposure, Blood Pressure, and Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Dose–response Meta- analysis. Environ Health Perspect. 2018 Jul;126(7):076002. doi: 10.1289/EHP2863

Mancia G, Kreutz R, Brunström M, Burnier M, Grassi G, Januszewicz A, et al. 2023 ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension Endorsed by the European Renal Association (ERA) and the International Society of Hypertension (ISH). Journal of Hypertension. 2023. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003480